广东木榄+桐花树群落上的白缘蛀果斑螟和荔枝异形小卷蛾研究

Study on Assara albicostalis and Cryptophlebia ombrodelta in Community of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza+Aegiceras corniculatum in Guangdong

白缘蛀果斑螟和荔枝异形小卷蛾是红树林木榄+桐花树群落上的重要害虫,在广东省局部区域的红树林保护区,已经对木榄造成严重危害。白缘蛀果斑螟1年完成4代,第1至第3代虫历时48～66 d,越冬代历时180 d;荔枝异形小卷蛾1年完成5代,第1至第4代虫历时39～44 d,越冬代历时188 d。白缘蛀果斑螟和荔枝异形小卷蛾幼虫均危害木榄的花萼和胚轴,荔枝异形小卷蛾能够迁移到桐花树上危害桐花果实。在木榄+桐花树群落上,白缘蛀果斑螟成虫占54%,荔枝异形小卷蛾成虫占46%。林间世代重叠,以幼虫和蛹越冬。在4月下旬～5月中旬,受害花萼和受害胚轴数量有一个高峰期,而7月上旬～10月中旬,则有一个明显的低值期。白缘蛀果斑螟和荔枝异形小卷蛾种群数量消长规律与受害花萼和受害胚轴的数量变化规律成正相关,前者同样也出现一个高峰期和一个低值期。白缘蛀果斑螟和荔枝异形小卷蛾与捕食性蜘蛛数量的比例为1∶0.30,捕食性蜘蛛的捕食作用不明显。

Assara albicostalis and Cryptophlebia ombrodeha are important pest insects on Bruguiera gymnorrhiza ＋ Aegiceras corniculatum community of mangrove, in the part field of mangroves in Guangdong, the pests have already seriously harmed on B. gymnorrhiza. A. albicostalis can complete 4 generations in one year, the period of first to third generation needs 48 - 66 d, the period of living through the winter needs 180 d . C. ombrodeha at B. gymnorrhiza tree can complete 5 generations in one year, the period of first to fourth generation need 39 - 44 d,the period of living through the winter needs 188 d . On B. gymnorrhiza ＋ A. corniculatum community, the larvae of A. albicostalis and of C. ombrodeha both harm calyx or fruits, C. ombrodeha can move from B. gymnorrhiza to A. corniculatum to harm the fruits. On B. gymnorrhiza ＋ A. corniculatum community, the percentage of A. albicostalis occupies 54%, the percentage of C. ombrodeha is 46%. The generation of pest is laid over, they live through the winter with the larvae and the pupae. From the last month of April to the first month of July, there is one high period of time that the calyx and the fruits seriously have been harmed. , From the first month of July to the middle month of October, there is one low period of time that the calyx and fruits have been less damaged. The population of A.albicostalis and C. ombrodelta are positively related to the numbers of harmed calyx fruits, there corresponding have one high period of time and one low period of time of population of A. and C. ombrodelta. The proportion of A. albicostalis and C. ombrodelta to the spider amounts 1 ： 0.30, the spider is not important in controlling the stem borer＇s pest insects.