差异分析:马克思文本中的后现代思想酵素之一

Analysis of Difference:One of Ferments of Post-modern Thought in Marx's Texts

如果说,"同一"概念构成启蒙和现代性理论的核心原则,那么,"差异"概念则构成了后现代理论的核心原则。在马克思的文本中,既包含着维护启蒙和现代性的思想酵素,也包含着反思、批判启蒙和现代性的思想酵素。在后一类思想酵素中,最引人注目的是差异学说。马克思不仅把他的差异分析方法运用到对不同研究对象的比较上,而且努力将其与反思结合起来,从而揭示自己与他人在各种见解上的根本差异。正是通过差异分析,马克思展示出自己思想的独创性。在某种意义上,对"差异"的识别和分析构成了马克思一生思想发展的重要内容。事实上,也正是这一学说在一定程度上开启了后现代理论家的思绪。

If the concept of ＂identity＂ forms the core principle of the theory of enlightenment and modernity, then the concept of ＂difference＂ the core principle of post-modern theory. There are two different ferments of thought in Marx＇s texts： one is to defend the enlightenment and modernity and the other is to criticize the enlightenment and modernity. And what have attracted our attention is a theory of differenceanalysis in the latter ferment of thought. Marx also does his best to combine this method with reflection, so as to reveal fundamental differences between his own thought and other thought. By such a method, Marx deeply criticizes various wrong point of views which have influence upon him, also expounds the creativity of his own thought. In some sense, to recognize and analyze various difference forms an important content in the history of Marx＇s thought. In fact, Marx＇s theory of difference-analysis has given postmodern theorists a remarkable influence.