食用稗成熟胚的组织培养及其细胞学特性

Mature Embryo Culture and Cytological Characteristics of Echinochloa frumentacea L.

研究食用稗成熟胚培养因素的结果表明,愈伤诱导最适培养基为N_6+3.0mg·L^(-1)2,4-D。N_6基本培养基上的愈伤组织分化率较高;B_5+3.0 mg·L^(-1)2,4-D+1.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA的愈伤组织也具有较高的分化率。分化培养基N_6+2.0 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.5 mg·L^(-1)NAA利于绿芽分化。茎尖部位的愈伤组织分化率比根的高。最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg·L^(-1)NAA+1.0 g·L^(-1) AC。解剖和塑料半薄切片技术观察食用稗外植体的形态学和细胞学变化显示,胚根和胚轴主要形成非胚性愈伤组织,茎尖部位形成胚性愈伤组织。食用稗的器官建成途径倾向于以不定芽途径再生植株。芽原基为外起源,而根原基为内外起源兼有。

The factors of matured embryos culture in Echinochloa frumentacea were studied. It showed that N6＋3.0 mg·L^-12,4-D was the best medium for callus induction. Calli from basic medium of N6 had the ability to regenerate more green shoots. High differentiation rate from calli in the medium of B5＋3.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D＋1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA was observed. And the medium of N6＋2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA was the most suitable for green shoot differentiation. The differentiation rate of calli derived from shoot tips was better than that of calli from roots. The highest rhizogenesis rate was obtained in the medium of 1/2MS＋0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA＋ 1.0 g·L^-1 AC. Histological anatomy showed that non-embryonic calli mainly grew from radicle and hypocotyl, whereas embryonic calli grew from shoot tip. The organ-built way of E. frumentacea was inclined to be the adventitious bud formation way. And the shoot primordium originated from the surface of callus, while the root primordium originated from both the inside and surface of callus.