《梦溪笔谈》中的“燕乐十五声”问题研究

Fifteen Tone of Yanyue in Mengxibitan

本文运用版本学、音乐史学的研究方法,对《梦溪笔谈》中的"燕乐十五声"史料和同时代的史料进行分析,进而得出结论:《梦溪笔谈》中的114条指出北宋燕乐首音偏高、无法与原有的燕乐十六声相和,因此只有十五声,该记载较早且较为可靠。《补笔谈》中的532条记述与其相似,但前后逻辑自相矛盾。结合胡道静先生对《补笔谈》时间的考证和《宋史》《文献通考》记载的旁证,笔者认为,532条可能是后人缀补上去、因不懂音律又疏于考证而出现了混淆。

Adopting the methodology of edition and musicological history, this article analyses the fifteen tone of Yanyue in Mengxibitan and other literatures, it points out that the 114th item in Mengxibitan notes that Yanyue＇s first tone is beyond former tone in Northem Song Dynasty, so it can＇t be comptatible with former sixteen tone of Yanyue, that only have fif- teen tone. The 532nd item in Bubitan is similar with the 114th. This caus- es self-contradiction. The author points out that the 532nd item was added by someone, who because of the lack of both music knowledge and textual research made a mistake.