热带、亚热带四地区青少年脂溢性皮炎的现患情况及危险因素分析

The Prevalence and Risk Factors Analysis of Adolescent Seborrheic Dermatitis in Tropical and Swotropical Areas

目的评估热带、亚热带四地区青少年脂溢性皮炎的现患状况及其危险因素,为青少年脂溢性皮炎防治提供依据。方法采用横断面问卷调查方法,于2001年9～10月、2004年9～12月及2005年9～12月分别对澳门、广州、马来西亚和印度尼西亚内的103所中学,以学校为单位随机整群抽取18所中学,共13215名12～20岁的中学生,进行逐一检查并以问卷调查法收集脂溢性皮炎的流行病学资料。所有资料进行logistic回归分析。结果澳门、广州、马来西亚和印度尼西亚地区中学生脂溢性皮炎总患病率为10.17%,其中男8.15%,女12.40%,两者患病率差异有显著性意义(P=0.000);男、女性各年龄组间患病率差异均有显著性意义(P均=0.000);男、女性患病高峰年龄皆为20岁。四地中学生脂溢性皮炎患病率分别为2.66%,2.85%,17.16%和26.45%,澳门、广州两地与马来西亚、印度尼西亚两地间患病率差异有显著性意义(P=0.000)。由多因素logistic回归分析可知性别、年龄、在发病地居住年数、腹胀、便秘、经常排气、腹部常疼痛或不适、常食辛辣及煎炸食物、腋毛多、汗毛和/或胡须多、面部和胸部皮肤油腻为其危险因素。结论澳门、广州、马来西亚和印度尼西亚中学生脂溢性皮炎患病率较高,危险因素主要涉及年龄、性别、生活环境、生活习惯、内分泌和消化道功能紊乱等。

Objective To assess the prevalence and risk factors of adolescent seborrheic dermatitis in tropical and subtropical areas, and to provide evidence for the preventive measures. Methods With cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey for the epidemiological information of seborrheic dermatitis was carried out in Sep-Oct 2001 （ Macao）, Sep-Dec 2004 （Guangzhou） and Sep-Dec 2005（Malaysia and Indonesia）. A group of 1 3215 persons aged from 12 to 20 of 18 middle schools were drawn out from 103 middle schools in Macao, Guangzhou, Malaysia and Indonesia by random and cluster sampling. Results The prevalence rate of seborrheic dermatitis was 10.17% among the adolescents in these areas, among which 8.15% in male and 12.40% in female （P = 0.000）, respectively. There were differences in prevalence rates in ages （P = 0. 000 in male, P = 0. 000 in female）. The peak age of seborrheic dermatitis patients was 20-year-old in both female and male. The prevalence rate of seborrheic dermatitis in Macao, Guangzhou, Malaysia and Indonesia was 2.66% , 2.85% , 17.16% and 26.45%. There was difference in prevalence rate between Macao - Guangzhou region and Malaysia - Indonesia region （P = 0.000）. According to the results of multiple logistic regression, the risk factors of seborrheic dermatitis were gender, duration stay in the area, abdominal distention, constipation, fart frequently, uncomfortable of abdominal part frequently, spicy food, fried food and rich androgen. Conclusion The adolescents in Macao, Guangzhou, Malaysia and Indonesia are frequently suffer from seborrheic dermatitis. Age, gender, inheritance background, life habit, incretion and gastrointestinal dysfunction are the most important risk factors of seborrheic dermatitis.