5307名女性乳腺首次筛查影像结果分析

Imaging screening of breast cancer： primary results in 5307 cases

目的 探讨X线、超声和体检3种筛查组合方法对早期乳腺癌检出的意义，分析筛查癌的特点。方法对5307名女性乳腺进行初次筛查，受检者年龄20—76岁（中位年龄49岁）。分析X线加超声和体检、X线加体检、X线检查3种筛查组合的回叫率、活检率和癌检出率，并对筛查癌进行影像分析。各组间比较使用行×列的x^2检验或者Fisher’s精确检验。结果X线加超声和体检、X线加体检、X线检查3种筛查组合比较如下：回叫率分别为4．90％（49／1001）、6．90％（166／2407）、4．48％（85／1899）；活检率为1．60％（16／1001）、1．04％（25／2407）、0．63％（12／1899）；癌检出率为0．50％（5／1001）、0．17％（4／2407）、0（0／1899）。X线加超声和体格检查的癌检出率最高，共发现10例乳腺癌，其中9例为筛检癌。3组间的回叫率、活检率和癌检出率比较差异均有统计学意义（x^2值分别为12．99、6．264、8．764，P值均〈0.05）。筛检癌中8例为早期乳腺癌（导管原位癌4例，Ⅰ期浸润性乳腺癌4例）。X线检出的7例病灶中仅2例被超声发现，其他5例超声和体检均未检出。表现为簇状分布的多形性钙化2例，交界性钙化呈线样分布2例，不对称致密、不对称致密伴钙化、多簇状钙化伴多发结节各1例。X线漏诊的2例经回顾性阅片都予以正确诊断，均表现为非对称致密影。结论X线加超声和体格检查3者组合是乳腺癌筛查的最佳组合，X线检查检出的病灶较其他方法更为早期。

Objective To discuss the values of three screening methods for the detection of early breast cancer, and to analyze the features of the screening cancer. Methods The first screening of breast cancer were performed in 5307 women who aged from 20 to 76 years with median age of 49 years. The three screening methods included physical examination with ultrasound and mammography, physical examination with mammography and mammography only. The rate of recall, biopsy, cancer detection of three methods were analyzed and the mammographic findings were reviewed. Chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact test were used for the statistics. Results The recall rates were 4. 90% （ 49/1001 ）, 6.90% （ 166/2407 ） and 4.48% （85/1899） in three methods respectively, the biopsy rates were 1.60% （16/1001）, 1.04% （25/2407） and 0. 63 % （ 12/1899 ）, the cancer detection rates were 0. 50 % （ 5/1001 ）, 0. 17 % （4/2407） and 0 （ 0/1899 ）. There were statistical differences among the three groups（ x^2 = 12. 99,6. 264,8. 764,P 〈 0. 05）. Physical examination with ultrasound and mammography had the highest cancer detection rate, ten breast cancers were detected and 8 were early stage breast cancer. Of seven cancers detected by mammography, only two were found by ultrasound. A cluster of calcifications were found in 2 cases, linear calcifications in 2 cases. One case presented as a asymmetric density, one as a asymmetric density with calcifications, one as multiple nodules with a cluster of calcifications. Two breast cancers presented as asymmetric density were missed on mammography and diagnosed correctly after retrospective review. Conclusion Physical examination with ultrasound and mammography is the best method for breast cancer screening. The breast cancer can be detected by mammography earlier than other methods.