小汽车限行对居民出行特征的影响分析

Analysis on Impacts of Car-using Restriction on Travel Behaviors

奥运期间小汽车限行政策的实施,有效缓解了北京道路交通拥堵.本文通过措施实施前后收集的居民入户调查数据,定量分析了限行措施对居民出行特征的影响.研究发现:限行政策实施后,居民总体出行率由1.88次/日降低到1.70次/日,上下学、接送人和工作外出等出行比例明显降低;私人机动车出行强度降低0.07次/(天.辆),乘载率提高0.10人/车;公务车出行强度增加0.70次/(天.辆),乘载率提高0.32人/车;地铁、公交和小汽车出行时耗分别缩短了12 min,8 min和8 min.

During the Olympic Games, Beijing proposed and implemented a series of traffic demand management （TDM） measures and had effectively relieved the road traffic congestions. According to the household survey data, this paper analyzes the TDM measures＇ impact on travel characteristics of Beijing residents quantitatively. We found that students＇ trip rate has decreased while the full-time driver, army man, pohce and the retiree＇s have increased. The residents＇ average trip rate fell from 1.88 times per day to 1.65 times per day, and the trip volumes of schooling, dropping and outgoing for working are also decreased. The trip rate of private vehicles reduced 0.04 times per day with the carrying rate increased 0.10 person per veh, while the public vehicle＇s trip rate increased 0.70 times per day and the carrying rate increased 0.32 person per veh. The travel time of subways, buses and cars have shortened for 9.55 min, 5.23 min, and 2.14 min, respectively.