交通需求管理政策在北京奥运会中的应用和评价

Application and Evaluation of Traffic Demand Management Policies during Beijing Olympic Games

交通需求管理(TDM)已成为保障奥运会期间突增交通需求的必要手段.本文在综合奥运会交通需求特性和对比往届奥运会TDM政策要点的基础上,从控制机动车使用、设置奥运专用道、公共交通保障、错时上下班及人性化保障等5个方面阐述TDM政策在北京奥运会中的应用,并从政策综合性、可操作性、接受程度及政策实施效果等4个角度对该TDM政策进行效果评价.数据表明:TDM政策的实施使道路交通流量下降22.5%,早高峰路网平均车速提高28.5%,122报警量下降,公共交通客运量大幅上升,且公共交通的出行比例达45%以上,有效均衡了交通需求,达到预期目标.

TDM has been one of effective methods to meet the booming traffic demand during the Olympic Games. Based on the characteristics of the Olympic traffic demand and compared with TDM policy points during the previous Olympics. In this paper, TDM policies during Beijing Olympics were introduced in aspects of vehicles using control, setting the Olympic Special Lanes, supporting schemes of transit and freight, staggering of working hours, and so on. According to the synthesis, maneuverability, receptivity and effects, the collusions of TDM policy evaluations axe drawn and the data show that the traffic flow decreased by 22.5 % while the average speed of road network increased by 28.5% at morning peak, the 122 callings dropped but the transit volume ascended and its trip rate is over 45%.