环境社会学视角下的环境污染问题——东井村个案研究

Environmental Pollution Problems from the Perspective of Environmental Sociology:A Case Study of Dongjing Village

环境污染是人类社会发展与环境系统关系失衡的表现。环境社会学关注环境与人类社会之间的互动关系,关心环境问题的社会影响和社会原因。文章基于东井村的田野调查,发现不顾及环境的发展方式将导致环境退化,导致经济水平下降、贫穷、疾病和人口迁移等社会现象的产生。分析东井村村民与化工厂和地方政府的博弈过程,发现导致环境污染问题发生并持续的社会原因是,环境利益获得者和环境损害承担者的分离,地方政府对短期经济增长的需求,以及政府力量与社会力量悬殊的社会格局。坚持正确的发展理念,完善社会体制是解决环境污染问题的出路。

Environmental problems indicate the imbalanced relationship between social development and environmental system. Environmental sociology not only focuses on the interactive relationship between environment and society, but also centers on the social influence and social cause pertaining to environment issues. Based on the field investigation of Dongjing village, this paper finds out that the deterioration of environment results from inappropriate development mode and it may bring about economic recession, poverty, disease and migration.By analyzing the game process between villagers and chemical plant and local government, it is easy to discover that the relevant social factors of environment pollution are as follows: the separation of beneficiaries and victims, local government’s desire for short-term development, great disparity between governmental power and social power. To deal with environmental problems, pursuing a correct development idea and perfecting social system is the only way out.