两种针叶树种植株所含的挥发性物质及其与冷杉顶小卷蛾危害关系的研究

Volatile Components in Plants of Two Coniferous Species and Damage of Blastesthia sp.

采用XAD2吸附法和GC/MS法,对急尖长苞冷杉球果、枝条及小果垂枝柏球果中所含挥发性物质的种类及其含量进行了分析测定。从急尖长苞冷杉球果中共检测到13种挥发性物质,其由10种单萜、1种酚、2种醇组成。并以ɑ-蒎烯、月桂烯、β-蒎烯和β-水芹烯4种化合物为优势组分,其中又以β-水芹烯的含量最高,且该成分在急尖长苞冷杉枝条和小果垂枝柏球果所含的挥发性物质中没有。急尖长苞冷杉枝条所含的挥发性物质由6种单萜、1种酚组成,且其酚的含量最高。小果垂枝柏球果所含的挥发性物质成分相对简单,由5种单萜组成,其优势成分为香桧烯和柠檬烯,而柠檬烯在急尖长苞冷杉球果所含的挥发性物质中未检测到。由此推测,在冷杉顶小卷蛾选择寄主植物及其危害的器官时,急尖长苞冷杉球果中所含的大量β-水芹烯挥发性物质对该虫起有引诱作用,而另两种器官所含的柠檬烯挥发性物质则对该虫起有驱避作用。

The volatile components from the cones and branches of Abies georgei var. smithii, and the cones of Sabina recurva var. coxii were examined and analyzed. Thirteen kinds of volatiles were detected in cones of Abies georgei var. smithii, consisting of 10 kinds of mono-terpaniliposoluble constituents, 1 kind of hydroxybenzene and 2 kinds of alcohols, α-pinene, β-myrcene, β-pinene andβ-phellandrene were dominants components. The content of β-phellandrene was the highest, and it was not been found in other two plant materials. The volatiles of branches of Abies georgei vat. smithii was consisted of 6 mono-terpaniliposoluble constituents and 1 kind of hydroxybenzene, and the content of the hydroxybenzene was the highest among all the components detected. Five kinds of mono - terpaniliposoluble constituents were detected from the cones of Sabina recurva var. coxii, the dominant components were sabinene and limonene, and limonene was not found in cones of Abies georgei var. smithii. It can be deduced that the Blastesthia sp. was attracted by the big amount of β-phellandrenea, and the limonene in other two plant materials had drive action for this pest species.