粳稻持续快速发展的思考与对策

Reflections on the Rapid and Continuous Development of Japonica Rice and Countermeasures

我国是世界水稻生产大国,稻谷总产量始终居于首位。其中粳稻是世界最大生产国,粳稻大米在国际市场所占的份额也最大,具有最强的竞争优势。据笔者最近调查:我国2008年粳稻面积已将近809万hm2,超过全国水稻总面积的1/4。从产量水平上看,粳稻一季产量水平高于籼稻单季产量。粳稻生产的地缘优势和具有的高产性、高品质、高经济效益等优势也是籼稻所不及的。但水资源严重不足,生产成本高、经济效益低,过量使用化肥、农药,生产机械化程度不高等因素影响了粳稻的持续快速发展。提出了加强粳稻科研组织协作和粳稻科研系统立项研究、促进粳稻科技学术交流等建议和对策。

China is large rice producing country and the total grain yield of rice ranks the first place in the world. China is playing an important role in world japonica rice market. The investigation showed that the acreage of japonica rice is close to 8.09 million hm^2 in China, more than one quarter of total rice planting area in China in 2008. The one-season yield of japonica rice is more than that of indica rice. The geographical advances, high yield, fine quality and high economic benefit of japonica rice are superior to indica rice. However, severe shortage of water resource, high rice production cost, low return, over use of fertilizer and pesticide and low level of mechanization inhibit the rapid and contin- uous development of japonica rice production. The cooperation between research organizations and project for japonica rice research need strengthening and the academic exchange should be accelerated.