北方杂交粳稻米质分布现状及超亲优势分析

Discussion on Rice Quality Analysis and the Route of the Good Quality Breeding Techniques on Northern Japonica Hybrid Rice

对北方杂交粳稻工程技术中心所配组的100个杂交粳稻进行了13个米质性状的分布分析和超亲优势的分布分析,结果表明:现有的杂交粳稻米质指标中整精米率表现出的差异较大,优质组合数相对较少,长粒品种少,宽粒品种多,长宽比差异不大,低垩白率、垩白度组合较多,大多杂交粳稻组合的食味指标较好,营养指标的差异不大。超亲优势分析表明:杂交粳稻在加工品质、外观品质方面超父本优势所占的组合数比例要好于超母本优势所占的组合数比例,说明现有的杂交粳稻母本的加工品质、外观品质优于父本,而在食味品质与营养品质方面现有的杂交粳稻父本要优于母本,在糙米率、粒宽、食味指标与营养指标中表现为超中亲优势的组合数的比例较高。

The distributing analysis of thirteen rice quality properties of 100 japonica hybrid combinations was made in this experiment. The results indicated that in the existing hybrid japonica rice combinations the head rice rate showed large difference and the percentage of good varieties was relatively less. The varieties with wide grain were more than that with long grain and the difference of the ratio of grain length to width was little. Many varieties had low chalky grain percentage and low chalkiness and most of the varieties performed well in the palatability. The analysis indicated that the number of combinations having heterosis over male parents was more than that having heterosis over female parents in processing and appearance characters, which indicates that in the existing combinations, the processing and appearance characters of female parents are better than male parents; however, the palatability and nutrition characters of male parent are better than female parents. The percentage of combinations having heterosis over mid-parents value was much higher in terms of brown rice rate, grain width, palatability, and nutrition properties.