民初交通部的借债筑路政策评析

Analysis of the Policy of Road Building by Loan of the Ministry of Communications in Early Period of Republic of China

对于民初交通部所推行的借债筑路政策,学界的认识由过去的一味否定变为较为充分的肯定,这种跳跃式的评价并非学术进步,而是非理性的、不成熟的表现,依然未能跳出二元对应模式的窠臼。其实,由于内债筹集不力,效果不彰,交通部转而倚重外债,而外债利用方面存在的最大问题,一是付出的代价高,二是使用异常混乱。目前学界不应纠缠于对借债筑路政策的肯定或否定,而应探究借债筑路效用不彰的原因及对策。只有这样,史学才能发挥其应有的功能,体现其现实价值。

About the policy of building roads by loans implemented by the Ministry of Communications, the attitude of the academic community has changed from negative angle to more adequate for certain. The huge change of the judgment is not a progress in the academy, but the irrational, immature behavior so that they are still not jump out of the dual corresponded mode. In fact, the Ministry of Communications turned to rely on foreign loans because of the inefficiency of raising money in domestic and their ineffectiveness. The most important problem of the use of foreign loans lied on two issues. One was to pay a high price, and the other was totally disordered use. At present, academia should not dwell on the policy that raises a loan to build roads is positive or negative, but rather to explore the reasons and strategies that cause to the ineffectiveness of it. Only in this way can history play its full functions and reflect the reality of its value.