当代高速公路交通管理要义

Key Concepts of Traffic Management of Modern Freeway

高速公路交通管理是促进高速公路系统产出最大化的商业流程。其核心内容就是如何平衡供需,避免交通拥挤,促进交通安全。纵观当代高速公路管理的理论及实践,成功的高速公路管理应该系统地贯彻3个基本理念,即高速公路量化管理理念、系统管理理念和主动管理理念。其中以高速公路量化管理的理念为基础,系统管理理念为方法,而主动管理理念为目标。这也就是高速公路管理的基本要义。作为管好高速公路的必要条件,该基本要义为管理者结合实际情况,制定切实可行的高速公路交通管理策略奠定了基础、指明了方向。研究结果有利于提高高速公路的管理水平,提高高速公路的运营效率和安全。

Freeway traffic management is a business process, which helps to maximize the productivity of freeway. Its core task is to balance the demand and capacity, prevent traffic congestion, and minimize traffic accidents. Based on a comprehensive review of the theories and practices in the traffic management of modern freeway, it is concluded that a successful freeway traffic management program has to incorporate the following three core concepts, i.e. （ 1 ） the concept of information-driven and performance-based management ; （2） the concept of system management ; and （3） the concept of proactive system management. Information-driven and performance-based management serves as the basis of such a suceessful program, while system management as the primary strategies, and the proactive management as the ultimate goal. These three concepts constitute the key concepts of modern freeway management. As a necessary prerequisite to manage freeway well, these three key concepts provide the fundamental guidance to the manager, who will propose the feasible management strategies fitting with the practical situation. It is hoped that discussions of these key concepts will help to enhance freeway management practice, improve freeway operation efficiency and freeway traffic safety.