四川丘陵平原区代表性植物的农药残留特征

Residual Characteristics of Pesticides in Representative Plants in Hilly and Plain Region in Sichuan Province

【目的】研究丘陵平原区主要植物的农药含量,揭示区内植物农药残留特征,初步筛选吸收农药能力较强的植物和农药含量较少的植物,为该区农林业生产布局及污染土壤的生态修复提供科学依据。【方法】根据前期调查和区内土壤中农药残留状况,确定93个样点,采集215个植物样品,植物种类43个,利用气相色谱仪测定其农药含量,分析农药残留特性,筛选农药含量高和含量低的植物。【结果】有机氯农药(OCP)含量高的植物有马尾松(Pinus massoniana lamb)(149.30μg.kg-1)、芦苇(Phragmites communis)(112.99μg.kg-1)、蕉芋(Canna edulis)(88.18μg.kg-1)、甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)(75.90μg.kg-1)和乌泡(Rubus multibracteatus)(999.43μg.kg-1);含量低的植物有榕树(Firmiana simplex)(5.91μg.kg-1)、南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)(1.60μg.kg-1)和柚(Citrus grandis)(1.44μg.kg-1);紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)和三叶草(Medicago sativa)未检测出OCPs。所有植物样品中有机磷农药(OPP)残留量都比较低,只在巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)(31.22μg.kg-1)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostnobcides)(6.45μg.kg-1)、黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)(43.23μg.kg-1)、甘薯(1.70μg.kg-1)、叶芽南芥(Apium graveolens)(22.90μg.kg-1)、大豆(Glycine max Merr)(49.57μg.kg-1)和小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa)(4.95μg.kg-1)中被检测出。【结论】农药残留量高的蕉芋、乌泡、山茶和小叶榕可能是很好的富集植物,紫云英、三叶草和血皮菜(Gynura pseudochinabicolor)可能为很好的排异植物。

【Objective】Pesticide contents in the representative plants in hilly and plain region were detected in order to obtain an understanding of the residual characteristics of pesticide in plants,to identify the plant species（or varities） with higher and lower pesticide contents,and to provide the scientific basis for optimal agriculture layout and polluted soil remediation.【Method】Based on the past researches on soil residual pesticides in hilly and plain region,215 plant samples which include 43 plant species from 93 sites were sampled,and the pesticide contents in these samples were detected by gas chromatography method.In turn,the characteristics of residual pesticide in plants were studied,and the plants were classified into different types.【Result】The plants with higher contents of organochlorine pesticide included Pinus massoniana,Phragmites communis,Canna edulis,Ipomoea batatas and Rubus multibracteatus,and the contents were 149.30 μg.kg^-1,112.99 μg.kg^-1,88.18 μg.kg^-1,75.90 μg.kg^-1,and 999.43 μg.kg^-1,respectively.The plants with lower contents of organophosphorus pesticide included Firmiana simplex,Cucurbita moschata and Citrus grandis,and the contents were 5.91 μg.kg^-1,1.60 μg.kg^-1,and 1.44 μg.kg^-1,respectively.The organochlorine pesticide in Astragalus sinicus and Medicago sativa was not detected.Organophosphorus pesticide contents were lower in all plants,they were detected only in the plants of Eucalyptus grandis（31.22 μg.kg^-1）,Metasequoia glyptostnobcides（6.45 μg.kg^-1）,Artemisia annua（43.23 μg.kg^-1）,Ipomoea batata（1.70 μg.kg^-1）,Apium graveolens（22.90 μg.kg^-1）,Glycine max Merr（49.57 μg.kg^-1） and Ficus microcarpa（4.95 μg.kg^-1）.【Conclusion】It is suggested that Canna edulis,Rubus multibracteatus,Camellia japomica and Ficus micro Carpa may be good accumulator plants for pesticides,and Astragalus sinicus,Medicago sativa,Gynura pseudochinabicolor may be good non-accumulator plants for pesticides.