有机无机肥配施对小麦冠层结构、产量和蛋白质含量的影响

Effects of Organic Manure and Urea Mixture on Canopy Architecture,Grain Yield and Protein Content of Wheat

【目的】揭示有机无机肥配施对豫麦34冠层光分布特征、产量和蛋白质含量的影响。【方法】采用大田切片法,研究了尿素、鸡粪及鸡粪和尿素配施方式下,强筋小麦品种豫麦34的冠层结构、产量构成及籽粒蛋白质含量的变化。【结果】施用鸡粪有利于提高豫麦34旗叶的叶绿素含量(SPAD值),促进群体光合有效辐射(PAR)的提高,增大小麦群体的平均叶倾角(MLA),降低群体的冠层开度(DIFN),提高光能利用效率和小麦群体的叶面积指数(LAI),有利于经济系数和籽粒蛋白质含量的改善。【结论】综合考虑小麦产量、经济系数和籽粒蛋白质含量等因素,3种肥料处理以鸡粪与尿素配施为最佳,配施处理的小麦冠层结构适宜、株型最佳、群体光分布合理。

[Objective] The study was conducted to reveal the effects of organic manure and urea mixture on canopy architecture, grain yield and protein content of Yumai34. [ Method ] Field experiments with the conventional ＂Layer upon layer cut method＂ were carried out to study the dynamics of canopy architecture characters and changes of grain yield and protein content of strong gluten wheat-Yumai34 after application of urea, urea and chicken manure mixture, and chicken manure alone. [Result] The results showed that chlorophyll content （SPAD value） in flag leaves, photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, mean leaf angle （MLA）, and leaf area index （LAI） increased under chicken manure treatment, while canopy openness （DIFN） behaved oppositely, and these were all helpful to improve the light utilized efficiency. The fact that kernel weight per spike and kernel protein content of Yumai34 increased at chicken manure and urea mixture treatment remarkably, has meliorated the grain yield and kernel quality significantly. [Conclusion] The mixed fertilizer treatment had a reasonable canopy architecture than others, which accounted for they had intercepted more solar radiation. The grain yield, economy coefficient and kernel protein content of mixed fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other treatments significantly or extremely significantly.