林隙(GAP)干扰研究进展

ADVANCES IN FOREST GAP DISTURBANCE RESEARCH

本文系统地介绍了森林循环的理论、自然干扰的概念、林隙的一般特征和林隙干扰的时空格局。干扰是森林循环的驱动力，干扰形成的林隙是森林循环的起点。林隙的大小、形成年龄、形成方式以及形成木的特征是研究林隙特征的重要参数，虽然不同森林群落中，林隙干扰的频率和程度及其时空变化规律不同，但大多数森林的年平均干扰率是在１％左右。不同的森林类型中，大、小型干扰的比例不同。小型林隙干扰与大型灾难性干扰在不同时空条件下的组合，就形成了不同森林景观的时空变化格局。

his paper reviewed the theory of forest cycle, the concepts of natural disturbance, characteristics of forest gaps and the spatial/temporal patterns of gap disturbance. Disturbane is a driving force of forest growth cycle, and gap phase, caused by disturbance, is the initiating point of the cycle. The following are very important parameters in the studies of gap characteristics: gap size, gap age, manners of formation and gap makers. Although gap disturbance regimes are different in different forest communities, the average annual disturbance frequency is about 1% in most forest types. For different forest types, the preportions of small scale and large scale disturbances are different. The combination of small scale gap disturbance and large scale catastrophic disturbance in different conditions forms the basis of landscape pattern.