中国民法视野中的纯经济损失——兼评我国的研究现状

Pure Economic Loss in the Sight of Chinese Civil Law——Comments on the Present Research in China

纯经济损失是受害人直接遭受的经济上的不利益或金钱上的损失,是加诸于受害人整体财产上的一种不利益,具有独立性、无形性和直接性的特征。纯经济损失概念的创制和理论的展开主要是为了将此类损害纳入一般不予赔偿的范围。在现有损害分类体系中,纯经济损失可归属于财产上损害。纯经济损失的主要类型有不实陈述案型、挖断电缆案型、遗嘱案型、油污案型和公共设施损害案型。学者们常提及的其它纯经济损失类型如产品责任类型、物之使用不能类型、不正当竞争行为类型、雇员和家庭成员人身伤亡类型、合同法领域的纯经济损失类型等,可以适用现有的法律规范获得解决。我国学者对中国纯经济损失处理模式和纯经济损失的类型化给予了全面的关注,而且开始对司法实践中的疑难案例进行纯经济损失理论分析,也进行了立法层次的思考。《民法通则》第106条第2款可以将纯经济损失整合在我国现有的法律体系中。在侵权责任立法时,应考虑纯经济损失的基础性规范与具体类型的规范相结合。

Pure economic loss is a kind of economic disadvantage or loss of money which the victim directly suffers, also a disadvantage imposed on victim＇s entire property with such characteristics as independence, intangibility and directness. The creation of this concept and discussion of relative theories are designed to classify pure economic loss into generally unrecoverable damages. Under the existing system of damages, pure economic loss belongs to damages of property. Main cases about pure economic loss arc： false statement case, cable damage case, invalid will case, oil pollution case and public facilities damage case. Other types of pure economic loss often mentioned by scholars, such as product liability, unavailability of objects, unfair competition, employee or family member＇s injury, and pure economic loss under contract law, can be solved by current laws. Chinese scholars not only pay full attention to the processing model and categorization of pure economic loss, but also initiate the analysis on difficult cases in judicial practice and dwell on them in the sight of legislation. Article 106 （2） of General Principles of the Civil Law can integrate pure economic loss concept into our current law system. With regard to the legislation of Tort Liability Law, we should consider the combination of the basic provisions and the concrete categorization of pure economic loss.