沂蒙山林区不同森林群落土壤水分贮存与入渗特征

Characteristics of soil water infiltration and water-holding under different forest community in Yimeng Mountainous forest area

为给沂蒙山区森林植被建设中合理群落类型的选择与配置提供参考,采用森林水文学方法,对淮河流域沂蒙山林区典型森林群落的土壤水分贮存与入渗特征进行研究。结果表明:1)森林群落具有显著提高林地土壤孔隙度、土壤贮水量和土壤入渗速率的作用,其作用程度混交林大于纯林,阔叶林大于针叶林;2)森林群落对土壤(非毛管)滞留贮水量的提高程度明显大于土壤毛管吸持贮水量,因而具有明显的涵养水源作用;3)Horton模型和Kostiakov模型能较好模拟研究区森林群落的土壤入渗过程,但通用经验模型和Philip模型的适用性较差;土壤入渗速率与孔隙度之间具有明显的线性正相关关系。

Characteristics of soil water infiltration and water-holding of typical forest stands in Yimeng Mountainous forest area are researched by using forest hydrology principle and method, in order to offer references for the choice of proper forest community types and allocation model in the course of vegetation construction. Results indicate that： 1 ） The forest stand has an obvious effect on increasing the soil porosity, the soil water holding amount and the soil water infiltration rate. And for these effect, the mixed forest stands are much better than pure forest , the broadleaf forest stands are much better than coniferous forest stands. 2） The degree of improvement of forest vegetation on soil non-capillary porosity water-holding amount is greater than on soil capillary porosity water-holding amount, so the forest vegetation has an obvious effect on water conservation. 3） Both Horton infiltration model and Kostiakov infiltration model can simulate the soil water infiltration process of each forest vegetation type in research area well. But the applicability of the Common experienced infiltration model and Philip infiltration model are worse. There is a clear linear positive correlation between the soil water infiltration rate and the soil porosity.