保水剂对土壤温度和水分动态的影响

Effect of super absorbent polymers on soil temperature and water movement dynamics

为了研究保水剂对土壤温度和水分动态变化的影响，在河北农业大学实验基地，对青海“绿宝”公司提供的3种剂型保水剂施入土壤后的混剂土进行土壤温度和水分运动规律的测定。结果表明：土壤中加入保水剂后能够调节土壤温度的变化，提高土壤的保温性能，使土壤的昼夜温差减小；对土壤水分的蒸发有明显的抑制效应，混剂土中的水分会向四周的干燥土壤扩散，其扩散距离是对照的2倍，而含水率仍在16％～19％之间，土壤中加入保水剂后，混剂土所保持的水分86．7％～88．4％为有效水（0～1．5MPa）。随保水剂用量的增加，混剂土的保温效果、抑制水分蒸发效果越好，土壤水分扩散相同的距离，混剂土的含水量越高，从而为植物提供充足的水分，有利于植物的生长发育。

In order to find out the effect of super absorbent polymers （SAP） on the dynamics variation of soil temperature and water movement after SAP was used in soil, soil temperature and water movement of SAP- mixed soil were measured at experimental base, Agricultural University of Hebei. The three kinds of SAP were offered by Lvbao Company, Xining, Qinghai Province. Results show that SAP can regulate the variation of soil temperature and improve the capability of heat preservation of soil, so that the difference in temperature of SAP-mixed soil between day and night is decreased. SAP can restrain remarkably evaporation of soil water. The water of SAP-mixed soil can diffuse to dry soil around, and the distance was 2 times as much as control, but soil water content of SAP-mixed soil is still kept at 16% - 19%. About 86.7% - 88.4% water of SAP- mixed soil is availability （0 - 1.5 MPa） and easy to be absorbed by plant. The effects of heat preservation and evaporation restraint are bettei with the dosage of SAP increasing. When soil water diffuses the same distance, the more SAP dosage is used, the higher the water content of SAP-mixed soil is, so that there was enough water to be absorbed by plants and benefit for growing.