植物恢复措施对鸡西矿区废弃地土壤养分的影响

Effect of plant measure on soil nutrient of wasteland of mine areas of Jixi

以黑龙江省鸡西市矿区废弃地为研究区,对不同矿区废弃地的土壤养分元素进行含量分析。结果表明:应用植物恢复措施后的基质土壤各养分指标绝大多数要大大高于原废弃地土壤和经过自然恢复的土壤,说明该措施对石墨尾矿、矸石发电厂粉煤灰废弃地和平排矸石山土壤养分改善效果明显;其中石墨尾矿除全磷外,各种养分指标与林地土壤差距较大,而旱柳对石墨尾矿土壤的改善效果最好,其有机质含量为37.28 g/kg,是残渣的2.6倍;种植大果沙棘对粉煤灰废弃地土壤养分的积累效果明显,有机质含量为48.25 g/kg,是残渣的1.5倍;植物恢复措施使平排矸石山的土壤养分积累速度加快,已接近林地,混交种植兴安落叶松和家榆总体恢复效果最好,有机质含量分别为193.42和151.46 g/kg,是自然恢复条件下的8.9和7倍。建议引入优势种群(如松科等)以加快演替速度,使矿区废弃地更快地恢复到原始状态。

Based on experiments, the content of soil nutrients in mine areas wastelands were analyzed. The results show that： the content of soil nutrient of planted land is more higher than that of the wasteland and the natural restorated land, it shows that the soil nutrient of wastelands were clearly improved by plantation; except the phosphor content, the other soil nutrients are more less than that of the forest stands; the best plant with improving effect is the Salix matsudana, the soil organic matter content of which is 37.28 g/kg, 2.6 times of the residue. The Hippophae rhamnoides L. plantation can increase the content of the soil nutrient in the cinder pile of power house, the soil organic matter content of which is 48.25 g/kg; The content of the soil nutrient were rise fast by plantation in fiat coal waste rock pile and close to the forest stands, the soil organic matter content of mixed planting Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Ulmus pumila L. are 193.42 and 151.46 g/kg respectively, which is 8.9 and 7 times of that under natural recovery conditions; It was suggested that the dominant species （ Pinaceae for example） should be planted to increase the speed of the succession.