不同采伐更新模式对米槠群落植物物种β多样性的影响

Effects of Different Cutting and Regeneration Patterns on β Diversity of Castanopsis carlesii Communities

运用β多样性测度公式，以福建武平建立的永久样地12年的数据，探讨不同采伐模式（择伐更新、天然更新和人工更新）对米槠群落（Castanopsis carlesii community）的影响。结果表明：择伐更新和天然更新不同更新期的顶极种米槠均为优势种、高竞争种；择伐更新的Jaccard指数（CJ）、Sorenson指数（CS）、Bray—Curtis指数（CN）和Morisita—Hom指数（CMN）都在80％以上，属于轻度干扰；天然更新在64％～88％之间，属于中度干扰；而人工更新除皆伐前优势种为米槠外，人工种植的杉木为优势种，不同更新阶段之间的β多样性指数（CJ、CS、CN、CMN）在15％－49％之间，属于强度干扰，目前不能恢复到米槠群落。择伐更新和天然更新在更新过程中均恢复到米槠群落，不同更新期间β多样性的相似性指数在50％以上，物种多样性能保持或呈上升趋势，表明这二种经营模式对群落的干扰较合理。

Based on the data collected from the permanent plots of Castanopsis carlesii communities in Wuping County, Fujian Province during the past 12 years, the effects of different cutting and regeneration patterns （selection cutting regeneration, natural regeneration and artificial regeneration）on these communities were analyzed by using indexes of β diversity. The results showed that the C. carlesii was the dominant and competitively superior species in the different restoration phases of the natural regeneration and the selection cutting regeneration. The indexes of β diversity（ Jaccard index CJ ,Sorenson index Cs ,Bray-Curtis index CN and Morisita-Hom index CMH）in the selection cutting regeneration were above 80%, which belonged to low disturbance. The indexes of β diversity in the natural regeneration were 64% - 88%, which belonged to intermediate disturbance. The dominant species in the artificial regeneration was Chinese Fir, although the dominant species before being cut was C. carlesii. The indexes of β diversity in the artificial regeneration were 15% -49%, which belonged to heavy disturbance, and could not be self-regenerated. The natural regeneration and the selection cutting regeneration could be self-regenerated in the different restoration phases, which had recovered to the C. carlesii community. The similarities of the indexes of β diversity in each restoration phases of the natural regeneration and the selection cutting regeneration patterns were above 50% and their species diversity could be maintained or increase, showing that the disturbance of these two management patterns on the communities were rational.