中药渣和泥炭基质对一品红生长和盆花品质的影响

Effect of Chinese Medicine Residue and Peat Substrate on Growth and Visual Quality of Poinsettia

在不同的浇水方法和施肥条件下比较了中药渣和泥炭两种基质对一品红生长和盆花品质的影响。结果表明,中药渣基质中一品红生长量增大,开花提前,冠幅、花径、苞片数显著增加,而株高降低,花色素积累增加而叶绿素含量降低,外观品质提高。基质成分显著影响一品红的物质分配。中药渣基质上一品红的苞片鲜质量、叶片鲜质量、地上干质量显著增加,其中以苞片鲜质量的增幅最大。中药渣基质吸水量较低,采用花盆底部浇水可以促进一品红生长,改善盆花品质。中药渣基质有效氮磷钾含量高,在控释肥用量减少50%时一品红的生长和盆花品质也不受影响。因此,可以用中药渣70%+珍珠岩20%+蛭石10%(体积比)组成的基质代替泥炭用花盆底部浇水技术栽培一品红。

The effect of Chinese medicine residue and peat substrate on the growth and visual quality of poinsettia was studied with different irrigation methods and basal-fertilizer dosage. The results showed that the growth of poinsettia increased with early flowering in medicine residue ＂substrate, and canopy diameter, flower size, bract number, accumulation of anthocyanin in the bract increased while plant height and chlorophyll content in bract decreased. These resulted in an increase of the visual quality of poinsettia grown in substrate containing Chinese medicine residue. Substrate component affected significantly the distribution of biomass. The fresh quality of bract and leaves, and the dry quality of above-ground parts of poinsettia grown in medicine residue-substrate were higher than that in peat-substrate. Chinese medicine residue contained less water than peat, and subirrigation could promote the growth and quality of poinsettia grown in medicine residue-substrate. Medicine residue contained more nutrients, especially nitrogen, potassium and phosphor. In Chinese medicine residue, the growth and quality of poinsettia did not decrease when the dosage of controlled-release fertilizer was reduced to 50%. As a conclusion, Chinese medicine residue can be used as substrate in poinset- tia pot flower production if subirrigation is taken to increase its ability to retain water