清代科举复试制度探析——兼论对硕士研究生招生考试复试的启示

The Research on Re-examination Institution of the Imperial Examination in the Qing Dynasty

科举考试中的复试制度创建于清代,是指乡、会试发榜后,对已经中式的举人、贡士进行的再次考试,其实质是对录取工作的再次认定。复试制度的建立可以分为乡试复试制度的建立与会试复试制度的建立,其时间与过程是不同的。清代科举复试制度建立的原因是保证取士公平、笼络士心、查明实际情况及维护科举制度,这也是科举复试制度的作用所在。科举复试制度起到了一定的积极作用,体现了慎重选拔的原则,同时保证了取士质量;当然,由于各种原因,复试制度不可能根除科场的弊端。研究清代科举复试制度对于我们当今研究生招生考试中的复试制度具有一定的启示意义。

The re-examination of the Imperial Examination（Keju） was established as an institution in the Qing dynasty. The establishment of the re - examination institution was different in the provincial examination （Xiang-shi） and the metropolitan examination（Hui- shi）. The reasons and functions of the establishment of the re - examination institution included ensuring the equity of selecting falent, winning over public opinion, finding out the practical situation and safeguarding the Imperial Examination（Keju）. The positive role of the re - examination institution included applying the principle of cautiously selecting talent and ensuring the quality of talent. Certainly, the re- examination institution cannot eradicate the disadvantages of the Imperial Examination（Keju） because of the complex reasons. The research on the re - examination institution in the Qing dynasty has some enlightening significance to the re - examination institution of postgraduate entrance examination.