公用事业民营化的风险及其控制

The Risks and Management of Public Utilities Privatization

由于公用事业的独有特性,长期以来它都是由公共企业垄断经营。随着公用事业管理体制弊端日趋暴露,在20世纪80年代,英国撒切尔政府率先揭开了民营化运动的序幕,在过去的近30年内,这一股风潮几乎刮遍全球。民营化在实践中取得成效的同时,也凸显了一些不足,它可能会带来效率风险、公平性风险、公共价值流失风险、信息悖论风险以及腐败风险,控制这些风险对于公用事业的发展具有重要意义。

Due to its unique characteristics, public utilities have long been monopolistically dealt with by public enterprises. However, the drawbacks of management system of the public utilities were uncovered gradually. Therefore, in the 1980s, the British government of Margaret Thatcher took the lead in developing privatization movement, which swept the whole world in the past thirty years. As the public utilities privatization began to yield positive results in practice, some shortcomings appeared at the same time. For instances, it may bring efficiency risk, fairness risk, public value losing risk, information paradox risk .and corruption risk. Controlling the above risks is of significance for the development of public utilities.