再论大溪文化时期城头山住民所处之社会形态

Further Study of Social Types of Chengtoushan Inhabitation in Daxi Culture Period

将我国北方、南方母系氏族文化遗址房屋建筑的特征与大溪文化时期的城头山遗址房屋建筑的特征相比,后者在房屋的面积、形状、墙面、地面、基槽、柱洞、建筑构件以及灰沟等方面,与前者均有明显不同,而且生产力水平高于前者,父系氏族特征显著。由此表明:大溪文化一期时城头山处于母系氏族公社繁荣末期,二期时向父系氏族公社过渡,三期时开始进入父系氏族公社。大溪文化时期的城头山地区,已经早于我国史前任何文化遗址率先进入父系氏族公社。

Comparing the architectural features of houses between maternal clan cultural relics in both south and north of China and Chengtoushan relics of Daxi Culture period, we find that the latter is quite different from the former in house area, shape, ground, foundation, ditch and so on. Moreover, the productivity level of the latter, which has the typical characteristics of patrilineal clan, is more advanced than that of the former. This evidence suggests that Chengyoushan was in the late prosperous eras of maternal clan at the first stage of Daxi Culture and gradually experienced the transition to the patrilineal clan communes at the second stage. Finally, it reached entirely the patrilineal clan communes at the third stage. Hence, Chengtoushan area in Daxi Culture period had already entered into the patrilineal clan communes earlier than any prehistorical culture in our country.