“到生活中、到习俗中去寻找模型”——对贺拉斯《诗艺》的文艺民俗批评

Search for Model from Life and the Customs——A Criticism of Horace's Poetic Art from the perspective of Literary and Artistic Folklore

文艺民俗批评以文艺人学观和文化民俗基因理论为基准,探讨文艺批评术语形成、批评空间构建、批评原理阐释和具体文艺批评实践等各个环节所受到的民俗沾溉。从有形物质民俗生活相、无形心意民俗生活相和行为社会民俗生活相等方面对贺拉斯《诗艺》的民俗予以梳理,可以生动展示其贵妍多姿的文艺民俗图。这些民俗意蕴的生成,取决于贺拉斯对其文艺民俗的文学批评观念表达。他不仅首次确立了"合式"、"合理"和"寓教于乐"的文学批评范式,还根据民俗承载的民俗事理、民俗情趣与其批评观点之间的意义关联来随"俗"赋意:采掇民俗事理以直赋其意;化撷民俗理趣以类比推演;指摘民俗"馊"弊以皈依正意;激活民俗意象以转深其意。

Basing on the view of literary humanism and cultural folk gene theory, literary and artistic folklore criticism explores influence of folklore upon the formation of literary criticism terms, the literary criticism space construction, explanations of literary criticism principle and the practice of the specific literary criticism etc. The article analyses the folklore in Horace＇ s Poetic Art from the aspects of the tangible material folklore life, intangible mentality folklore life and social behavior folklore life to display variety of literary and artistic folklore. The forming of these folklore implications depends on Horace＇ s expression of the literary criticism in folklore. Horace firstly established the literary criticism paradigms such as formulary, reasonablity and education in recreation, also explained his literary criticism according to folk affaires, sentiment of the connection between the author＇ s criticism view as followings： picking up sensible folklore to give their significance straightly; capturing folklore taste to deduce by analogy; accusing Folklore ＂stupidity＂ to convert; activating folklore imagery to turn and deepen meaning.