论清代满、汉服饰文化关系

On the Costume Culture Relationship between the Manchus and the Han People in Qing Dynasty

清代满、汉服饰文化关系首先表现为尖锐而又激烈的冲突,一方面清统治者以"首崇满州"来竭力维护满族服饰文化的自系统性,并通过"剃发易衣冠"这一具体的政策将满族服饰文化强加于汉族厚积了几千年的服饰文化之上,以满族服饰文化来改造汉服饰文化;另一方面汉族儒生、士大夫和广大民众拼死反对"夷狄"文化,贬斥满族服饰文化。然而,在禁止、反对、排斥的同时,又在积极地进行交流,相互学习仿效。同政治、制度、伦理等其他文化一样,满族服饰文化朝着汉化的道路不断演进,而汉族服饰文化也在不断吸收满族服饰文化的精华,以致满、汉一家,两种文化完全融合后共同创造出更加光华灿烂的服饰文化。

The costume culture relationship between the Manchus and the Han people in Qing dynasty was first marked by keen and fierce conflicts. On one hand, the Qing rulers strived to maintain the self system of the costume culture of the Manchus by giving first place to Manchuria, and the specific policy of tonsure and clothing change was imposed on the costume culture of the Han people with thousands of years so that the costume culture of the Manchus could reconstruct that of the Hans. On the other hand, the scholars, the gentry classes and the broad masses among the Han people desperately fought against the barbarian culture and denounced the costume culture of the Manchus. However, they actively communicated and learned from each other while forbidding, fighting and repelling it. Just like other cultures as politics, systems and ethics, the costume culture of the Manchus developed toward the road of the Han style and the costume culture of the Han people also continuously absorbed the essence of that of the Manchus so that the Manchus and the Hans were integrated into one family and created even more brilliant costume culture.