日本反垄断法执法模式及其法文化考察

On Enforcement Pattern of Japanese Antimonopoly Law and Legal Culture

日本反垄断法律的执法模式上具有机构的独立性特征,正式和非正式措施相结合的方式特征,注重事前预防的思维特征。由于公正交易委员会在执法中预防措施和非正式措施的采用,造就了日本反垄断法的高效和低成本运行,助推了二战后日本经济的高速发展。而这些措施的运作依赖于在由日本政府、公正交易委员会、相关企业共同构成的非血缘集团中,政府、执法机构和企业协调的关系。从法律文化的层面看,日本人文化心理中独特的集团意识是生成反垄断法执法模式的土壤。

The enforcement pattern of Japanese antimonopoly possesses these characters ： the independence of the Federal Trade Commission （ FTC ）, the combination of formal and informal measures and the thinking pattern that attaches importance to prevention. The preventive and informal measures which had been taken have brought about high efficient and low cost enforcement of Japanese antimonopoly law and have helped Japanese economy to develop with great speed after the Second World War. These measures rely on the co - ordination of the government, FTC and enterprises. And the legal culture of Japanese special group consciousness in their ethos is the root of the enforcement pattern of Japanese antimonopoly law.