2007年重庆市土源性寄生虫监测结果分析

Analysis of Geohelminthes Infections in Chongqing in 2007

目的了解和掌握重庆市土源性线虫病流行动态及影响因素,分析流行规律,预测流行趋势,为制订防治对策和评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法根据重庆市地理环境状况在东南山区、中部城郊、西部丘陵分别选择梁平、长寿、永川各设1个监测点,监测点内年龄在3周岁以上的常驻居民,采集粪便1000人以上,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz)一粪三检,计数检查钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫虫卵,检查到的其它虫种一并记录。3～12周岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法定必检查蛲虫卵。各监测点随机抽取10户,每户采集菜园、厕所周边、庭院、厨房四类场所土壤各1份,每份30g,离心取沉淀液镜检受精或未受精蛔虫卵,土壤培养法区别死活受精蛔虫卵。结果3个监测点共调查3142人,蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫感染者975人,感染率为31.03%。其中蛔虫感染者736人,感染率为23.42%;钩虫感染率为7.89%;鞭虫感染率为5.41%;儿童蛲虫感染率为16.54%。蛔虫和鞭虫性别感染率无差异,钩虫感染女性高于男性;蛔虫和钩虫50岁以上年龄组显著低于低年龄组,鞭虫感染年龄组间无差异。菜园地、厕所周边、庭院、厨房各监测点均检出蛔虫卵,各场所间检出率无差异。结论重庆市人群土源性寄生虫感染率仍然处于较高水平,且渝东山区重于渝中和渝西,环境土壤蛔虫卵检出结果与人群感染率基本一致。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of geohelminthes infection in Chongqing and to develop strategy for the disease prevent. Method Accord to the geographical situation of Chongqing, 3 monitoring points, namely Liangping （south east mountain areas）, Changshou （central suburb areas） and Yongchuan （western hills areas）, were established.Inhabitants with an age of 3 or above were included in the monitoring. Parasite eggs （tapeworms, round worms and pinworms） in the fecal samples were tested using Kato-Katz thick smear method. Cellophane anal swab was used for collecting pinworm eggs in children between 3-12 years old.10 samples were randomly collected from each surveillance area. Soil samples （30 gram） were collected from the vegetable garden, lavatory, backyard and the kitchens. Roundworm eggs in soils were separated by centrifugation / sedimentation method and were determined under microscope. Viability of the roundworm eggs was determined by the cultivation method. Result Samples from 3142 people were examined.975 subjects had geohelminthes infection. The infection rate was 31.03%. 736 subjects had roundworm infection and the infection rate was 23.43%. The rate of hookworm and whipworm infection was 7.89% and 5.41%, respectively. The rate of pinworm infection in children was 16.54%. Gender difference in the roundworm and whipworm infection was not observed.Hookworm infection rate in women was higher than men.Infection rate in the subjects over 50 years old was significantly lower than the others. The whipworm infection rates were similar in all age group. Roundworm eggs were found in the vegetable garden, lavatory, garden and the kitchens. Conclusion The infection rate of geohelminthes was high in Chongqing.The infection rate in the east-mountain areas was higher than the central suburb and western hills areas.The incidence of geohelminthes infection is correlated with the presence of parasite eggs in environmental samples.