有效需求与自主创新能力影响机制研究——来自中国1980—2004年的经验证据

On the Influential Mechanism of Effective Demand and Independent Innovation Capacity:Empirical Study of Data from 1980 to 2004 in China

有效需求是影响一国自主创新能力的主要因素。其中,市场分割和收入差距是决定有效需求规模和结构的重要变量。中国国内市场分割的存在严重制约了有效需求规模的扩大;同时,广泛的城乡间、地区间收入差距也深刻影响到消费者的需求结构和需求偏好,形成"价廉物美"、"价廉质低"的"特殊"需求特征。这就有可能削弱有效需求对自主创新动力的引致作用,进而影响自主创新活动的开展和自主创新能力的培养,并已成为制约中国产业结构升级和国民经济持续发展的重要内因。理论和实证分析的结果都表明,促进中国自主创新能力的政策思路应该着眼于解决有效需求对自主创新的引致功能缺位。

Effective demand is the main factor affecting a nation＇s capability of independent innova- tion. Market segmentation and income gap are two important variables determining the scale and structure of effective demand. In China, the existing domestic market segmentation seriously restricts the expansion of scale of effective demand. Meanwhile, the broad gaps between urban and rural areas or between regions have profoundly changed the customers＇ demand structure and preferences and developed such characters as ＂cheap and fine＂, ＂cheap but inferior＂. It may weaken the promotion function of effective demand to the independent innovation capability, and even influence the development of activities and capacity of it, which has become a major internal cause that restricts upgrading of our industrial structure and sustainable development of national economy. Theory and empirical analysis have proven that policies to develop the capability of independent innovation should focus on how to solve the absence of derived function of effective demand on independent innovation.