祁连山与河西内陆河流域绿洲的大气水循环特征研究

Characteristics of Water Cycle in the Qilian Mountains and the Oases in Hexi Inland River Basins

祁连山和河西走廊地区为西风带、青藏高原季风、东南季风三个大气环流系统的耦合区,其内陆河流域的大气水循环特征受大气环流影响比较显著.根据已公布文献提供的资料,分析了祁连山区年平均降水与海拔和大气环流影响系统之间的关系,研究了祁连山发育的内陆河流域的绿洲水平空间尺度的分布特征,探讨了海拔和绿洲植被密集度对绿洲地表蒸发力的影响,揭示了绿洲单位面积耗水量与绿洲灌溉率之间的关系.最后,讨论了内陆河流域绿洲的特点以及开发和保护的思路.

The Qilian Mountains and the Hexi corridor are located in the coupling area of the atmospheric circulations including the southeast monsoon, the westerly, and the plateau monsoon. The characteristics of water cycle over Hexi inland river basins are remarkably influenced by the atmos- pheric circulation systems. The relationship between annual precipitation and altitude, and general circulation system affecting the Qitian Mountains and the oases in the inland river irrigation areas are analyzed by using the observational data of meteorology, hydrology, geography, agriculture and ecology etc. The distribution characteristics of horizontal scale of oases maintained by inland rivers, the impact of terrain height on surface evaporation and density of vegetation, and the relationship of average water consumption ratio and irrigation ratio in oases are revealed. Finally, the characteristics of the oases in Hexi inland river basins and the ideas about exploitation and protection of the oases are preliminarily discussed.