索绪尔的符号理论解读

Analysis of Saussure's Semiotics Theory

索绪尔是瑞士的著名语言学家,欧洲符号学派的创始人。他的符号学理论主要关注的是符号自身和各个符号之间的关系。语言符号单位不是一个事物,也不是一个名称,而是一个概念和音像,是一个两面化的心理统一体。符号可以分为肖像性关系和任意性关系两种。符号之间的关系呈水平的序列关系和垂直的联想关系。这种水平关系和垂直关系共同构成了符号的两个基本轴向。伴随着这两个轴向而组织起来的符号就产生了"序列"和"类群"。

Saussure, a famous Swiss linguist, is the founder of the European School of Semiotics. His Semiotics Theory is focused on the sign itself and the relationship between signs. In his opinion, semiotics is not an object or a title, but a concept or a sound--image, and it can be divided into iconic and arbitrary relations. The relationships between semiotics are systematic and associative, which constitute the so-called synchronicity and diachronicity.