人力资本视野的后发经济新兴产业发展:国际经验及启示

Development of Emerging Industries in the Late-developing Economy from the Perspetive of Human Resources Endowments:International Experience and Inspiration

对美国、日本与中国台湾历史上代表性新兴产业的发展模式与人力资本时代背景在国际范围内的比较发现,以福特制为代表的美国汽车工业的兴盛,通过高度分工进而简化工作,发展了汽车工业;而日本通过引入高度自动化的生产线,发展了以彩电为代表的电子产业;而中国台湾既注重先进设备的投资,也注重高度分工进而简化工作,发展了IT制造业。在现有技术与人力资本条件的约束下,通过企业家精神的发挥,创造性地为利用各种资源尤其是人力资源,是有效发展相关产业的共同之处,同时对后发经济的发展与产业自生能力的培育具有重要的启发意义。

This paper gives a comparative research on the development modes and human resource backgrounds of representative emerging industries in U.S.A, Japan and Taiwan. It is found that the flourish of automotive industry in America, makes good use of the farmers and immigrants when short of such craftsmen like those in Europe. On the contrary, the development TV industry in Japan lies in the introduction of product line with automation, which also solves the deficiency of skillful workers. And the development of IT manufacturing in Taiwan owes to both of the above. Investment of advanced equipment and the deeply division of labor are both emphasized when without comparative advantages in high-tech talents. Further, this paper summarizes that the development of relative industry in different countries/districts has a common point. That is, with the existing restrictions of technology and human capital, resources by the innovation of production organization through entrepreneurship, which also is meaningful to the late-developing economy and cultivation of viability.