刑事司法人格化初论

A Tentative Study on the Personification of the Criminal Justice

将犯罪人的犯罪人格贯串到刑事司法活动的始终,是摆脱行为刑法制度的司法机械化弊端的必由之路,符合现代刑法的人性化、人道化发展方向。刑事司法的立足点是犯罪人,而犯罪人是犯罪行为与犯罪人格的统一体,即犯罪行为是犯罪人的外在表象,犯罪人格是犯罪人的本质。因此,在刑事司法过程中,必须对犯罪嫌疑人或被告人进行人格鉴定,将那些仅有法定的犯罪类型的行为,而没有犯罪人格的行为人,排除在犯罪人之外。对于犯罪人,在量刑时,要把犯罪人格矫正的难易程度作为一个重要依据;监狱行刑时,应当以矫正罪犯的犯罪人格为核心进行。此外,应该把心理预防提到犯罪预防的重要地位。

Paying attention to the criminal personality in the practice of the criminal justice is the only way to rectify the inflexibility of the criminal justice system resulting in the Classical Criminal Theory, and accords with the humanizing and humanism tendency of modern criminal theory. The object of the criminal justice is the criminal, who is the entia of malefaction and criminal personality. The malefaction is the externalization of the criminal personality, while the criminal personality the essence of the malefaction. Consequently, in the practices of the criminal justice, it is necessary to identify the personality of the suspect or the accused, excluding those people who just perform the behaviors forbidden by the criminal laws but have no criminal personality from the definition of the criminal. The criminal penalty shall be determined basically on the possibility to rectify the criminal personality of the accused, while the executing of the penalty in prison to rectify the criminal personality of the accused. Besides, the psychological prevention shall prevail in the manners of criminal prevention.