《欧共体非合同义务法律适用条例》评析

Legal Review on Regulation (EC) on the Law Applicable to Non-contractual Obligations

以欧共体首次颁布的《非合同义务法律适用条例》(文中简称《2007年罗马二号条例》)的法律结构为基本框架,首先分析该条例的适用范围及其与欧共体其他二级立法和国际公约之间的关系,突出显示其在适用方面的广泛性,同时也指出成员国今后在独立对外缔约权方面将会面临的困惑;然后,通过对该条例关于侵权或过失不法行为、不当得利、无因管理和缔约过失责任的法律适用,当事人的法律选择自由以及相关配套制度的全面系统分析,揭示其隐含的法律原则和价值理念,同时指出其存在的漏洞和模糊之处。最后,提出尽管存在某些缺陷和不足,作为欧共体第一部非合同义务法律适用方面的统一法典,《2007年罗马二号条例》在努力消除各成员国在非合同义务法律适用方面的差异,防止和减少当事人竞择法院乱象的发生,增强适用法律的确定性方面,基本达到了预期的立法目标;其在欧共体非合同义务法律适用统一法进程中,无疑将会具有里程碑式意义。

As the first basic legal instrument that the European Communities have ever adopted as secondary legislation, Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations is examined and commented comprehensively and in depth. With regard to Regulation ＇ s scope, the paper accentuates the former＇ s wide applicability while forecasts the perplexity Member States may have on the issue of their own independent contracting right in the international arena ; on the provisions of the Regulation about the applicable law of torts or delicts, unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestio and culpa in contrahendo, and common provisions, the paper reveals the rationales and ideas implied thereof, while comments critically the relevant loopholes or ambiguities. It concludes by saying that despite certain inefficiencies and flaws, the Regulation carries through, by and large, the drafters＇ intent that all endeavours be made to eliminate differences between Member States on their rules of conflict of law applicable to non-contractual obligations, avoid and reduce forum shopping so as to enhance the certainty on the applicable law in practice; it is a milestone document in the integration process of EC in this