从刑法的特征看刑法解释的立场

From the Characteristic of the Criminal Law to See the Stand of the Interpretation about Criminal Law

刑法解释的立场,就是关于刑法解释的目标的理论,即解释者在解释刑法时应该处于一个什么样的姿态,是应当"固守原意"来解释刑法,还是努力解释刑法使之不断适应现实社会。不同的部门法的立法价值、理念及法律规定的方式等不同,会对法律解释的立场有不同的要求。刑法是公法的代表,调整的是国家与犯罪人之间罪刑关系,直接涉及公民的重大权益如生命、自由等,刑法的规定较为明确,留给法官自由裁量的空间极其有限,因此其解释更为严格。民法作为私法的代表,体现的是当事人的意思自治,立法的规定也较为概括、抽象,与刑法存在很大的不同。刑法解释的立场应不同于民法解释,刑法解释中形式合理性更具意义,应采主观说为主、客观说为辅。

The stand of the interpretation about criminal law is the theory of the target of the interpretation about criminal. It is about the attitude of the interpreter while interpreting the criminal law. Whether to keep the original meaning or keep it up with the world while interpreting the criminal. The different value, idea and the mode of different laws may have different need on the stand of the interpretation about the law. The criminal law is the representative of public law, it regulates the relations between the states and criminal, it directly concerns about the important rights such as life and freedom. The mode of the criminal law is explicit, and it let little space to judge while he is interpreting the criminal law. The civil law is the presentation of private law, it reflects the idea of agent, and the mode of it is abstract. The criminal law is different from the civil law, so the stand of the interpretation about criminal law is different from the interpretation about civil law. We should keep the rationality of formulation while interpreting the criminal law, we should adopt subjectivism more than objectivism.