英美土地开发权制度比较研究及借鉴

Compare Research and Reference on Land Development Right between England and U.S.

英国实行土地开发权国有化,即任何对土地的再开发行为必须向国家购买土地开发权。英国的土地开发权具有公有性质,其与土地中属于地主原来已依法取得的私有产权,合成土地财产权的全部。美国实行土地开发权私有化,形成了私人间买卖开发权制度和国家购买私人土地开发权制度。美国实行私人间土地开发权移转的目的有四:保存古迹、保存开放空间、实行土地使用规划管制及鼓励兴建中低收入者住宅。美国实行国家购买土地开发权的目的是为了保护农地、环境敏感地带和历史古迹。我国的土地开发权应当归属于土地所有权人。我国土地开发权的实现应当采取土地开发权移转和国家购买土地开发权相结合的方式,并结合国情实现土地开发权利益的公平分享。

Land Development Right （LDR） in England is nationalized. Any development of land must obtain the permit of the state by purchasing the LDR from the state. In England, land property rights consist of national LDR and private property rights. In America, LDR belongs to individual. LDR can be transferred between individuals and can be purchased by the state. The Transferrable Development Right （TDR） can deliver four goals： conservation of historic site and open space, control of land use, promotion of cheap houses. Purchased Development Right （PDR） is for the protection of farmland, environmental vulnerably place and historic site. In China, the LDR should belong to the owner of the land, and we should adopt a mode that make the transferable development （TDR） and the purchased development （PDR） together in accordance with our conditions.