不同农艺措施对机插水稻产量的影响

Effects of Different Agronomic Measures on the Yield of Mechanical Transplanting Rice

[目的]统计分析机插水稻产量形成的特点，研究机插密度和肥料运筹对机插水稻产量的影响，以优化机插水稻农艺配套措施。[方法]分别设置3种机插秧规格和3种氮肥作基蘖肥与穗肥配比田间试验，考察产量及其构成差异。[结果]结果表明，机插水稻增产增收明显，单产在5737．5～10315．7kg／hm^2时，产量与总颖花量及每穗实粒数呈极显著正相关，与千粒重呈显著正相关。适宜的机插规格应掌握在11．7～13．3cm×30．0cm，基本苗75万-105万／hm^2。土壤肥力中等，单产要求在9000kg/hm^2以上时，投入总氯（纯）应为270—300kg/hm2，N：P2O5：K2O为1．0：0．3：0．5，氮素基蘖肥与穗肥比例宜为5：5或6：4。[结论]机插水稻高产栽培策略适宜走建立适中群体、抬升后期肥料运筹比重、提高成穗率、主攻大穗、增加千粒重之路，穗数型增产与穗重型增产相结合。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to analyze the characteristics of yield formation of mechanical transplanting rice, study the effects of different agronomic measures on the yield of mechanical transplanting rice, and optimize the agronomic measures of mechanical transplanting rice. [ Method] Three kinds of mechanical transplanting specification and flame kinds of nitrogenous（N） fertilizer application methods were designed to observe the yield and the difference of yield components. [Result] The results showed that the yield and the income of mechanical transplanting rice increased significantly. When the yield was 5 737.5 - 10 315.7 kg/hm2,the yield had the most significant positive correlation with the total amunt of glumous flowers and the true grain amount per spike,the significant positive correlation with 1 000-grain weight.The suitable mechanical transplanting specification was ll .7- 13.3 cm× 30.0 cm, the basis seedling 75 ×10^4～ 105 ×10^4/hm2. When the soil fertility was middling and the yield was over the 9 000 kg/hm2, the application amount of N fertilizer should be 270 - 300 kg/hm2, the N： P2O5 ： K2O should be 1.0：0.3：0.5, the ratio of basal fertilizer and fertilizer for tillering to fertilizer for heading was 5：5 or 6：4. [ Conclusion ] The cultivation strategies for high yield in mechanical transplanting rice include establishing suitable colony, increas- ing the fertilizing ratios of later growth stages, elevating effective spikes and big panicles, raising grain weight. So the panicle quantity and weight will be combined to get high yield.