世界油气领域的若干发展动向

Some Trends Evident in the World Petroleum Industry

在面向21世纪的今天,世界油气工业的某些发展动向特别引人注目,它们是:(1)国际勘探生产活动日见活跃,旧格局瓦解,竞争加剧;(2)面对传统优势的削弱,跨国大公司全面调整组织结构和经营战略;(3)资源国不断完善勘探生产项目的财税条款,下调政府收益;(4)天然气工业快速发展,天然气有望成为下个世纪的重要替代能源;(5)降低成本、提高效益成为各油气公司一致追求的目标;(6)石油科技受到高度重视,油气科研项目趋于实用化;(7)非洲、南美和里海—中亚地区成为近期石油投资热点;(8)油气工业民营化波及众多国家;(9)西方发达国家出售部分战略石油储备,储备政策变得更加灵活。上述动向是油气工业全球化的具体表现,不仅代表着当今世界油气工业的主流,还将强烈影响其今后的走向。

Currently, some spectacular phenomena are happening in the world petroleum industry. For example, international exploration is active, its original frame-work broken and with more dramatic competition. Multinational oil majors are adjusting their organizational structure and operational strategy. Resource countries are improving their financial regim'es on E&D projects, causing their government incomes to drop. The gas industry is rapidly advancing, and natural gas is expected to become the important alternative energy in the coming century. To enhance their economic benefits, oil companies are devoting great efforts to reducing costs. Research and development of petroleum science and technology, to which more and more attention is paid, are focusing on applications. Africa, South America and the Caspian Sea/the Mid-Asia region are becoming investment hot spots. The movement to privatize the petroleum industry is spreading round the world. The petroleum storage policy in . Western developed countries is becoming flexible, with part of the Strategic Petroleum Reserves available to be sold. These trends reflect the globalization of the petroleum industry. They not only represent the mainstream of the world petroleum industry, but will also influence coming development trends.