从排斥到接纳:越南华人政策的转变——1975年以后民族关系变动中越南华人的处境

From Rejection to Acceptance:Chinese during the Political Transformation Period in Vietnam——On the Situations Vietnamese Chinese in after 1975

1975年开始的越南排华运动之特点是:国际关系的变局和南方政权的更迭是其排华的主要推动力,制度变迁和立法程序是其排华的主要手段,排华和其他因素的共同作用则使其国民经济濒临崩溃。越南排华运动可以划分为两个阶段:1975—1979年间排华运动不断升级的阶段;1979—1986年间排华运动起落不定,但总体上趋于缓和的阶段。1986年12月越共"革新"方针确立后,其华人政策也出现了带有根本性的转变,这也是国际影响下国内形势的变化促成的。从排斥到接纳的政策转向,一开始就表现出经济、政治两个层面的不同步:经济上接纳华人较快而政治上较慢。与此相应,华人在经济上表现出相当的主动性,政治上则处于被动适应的状态。

The Chinese exclusion movement in Vietnam, starting from 1975, has the following characteristics： it was stimulated by the changes in international relations and replacement of the South Vietnamese government ; it was realized by the means of political transformation and legislative procedure; the movement and other factors led to the near collapse of national economy. The movement can be divided into the intensifying period during 1975 - 1979 and the up - down subsiding period during 1979 - 1986. After the reform policy implemented by the Vietnamese government in Dec. 1986, the policy on Chinese took a fundamental turn from rejection to acceptance. However, at the very beginning, this policy didn＇t synchronize on economic and political levels, i.e., Chinese was more easily accepted in economy than in politics. Accordingly, Chinese in Vietnam took rather active steps in economy while passively adapted to the situations in politics.