不同年级学生自然阅读过程信息加工活动特点研究

^STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING OF STUDENTS FROM DIFFERENT GRADES IN NATURAL READING MO

探讨不同年级学生自然阅读过程的信息加工活动特点，包括两个实验。实验１结果表明，低年级学生自然阅读后再复述文章时需要重读原文的时间比高年级学生要多，据此初步推知，低年级学生自然阅读过程可能主要是单一的语言解码信息加工活动，高年级学生自然阅读过程可能同时进行了语言解码与组织连贯的信息加工活动，以后者为主。实验２比较不同年级的学生在自然阅读、理解任务阅读与记忆任务阅读三种情况下对文章信息保持的效果，结果表明，不同年级的学生自然阅读后对文章信息保持的总量差异不显著，但年级较高的学生的自然阅读与理解任务阅读都是较多地记住文章的内容信息，而年级较低的学生的自然阅读与记忆任务阅读都是较多地记住文章的词句信息。据此可以认为，实验１的结果主要不是由于高低年级学生保持能力的差异而引起，而是由于他们自然阅读过程主导性的信息加工活动不同而引起。

This research probed into the characteristics of the information processing of students from different grades in natural reading. Two experiments were administered. In expriment 1, the result showed that the junior students needed more time to re - read the original text than the senior students when they were asked to retell the text after they had read it.lt could be concluded that the language encoding was the main information processing activity of junior students in natural reading, and the senior students could carry on both the language encoding activity and the organizing activity in natural reading, the organizing activity was decisive. ln experiment 2, the results of retainment of the text information of the students from different grades in three kinds of reading were compared natural reading, comprehensive reading and memory reading. The result showed that in natural reading showed significant difference between the senior students and the junior students in the total amount of the retainment of the text. the senior students inclined to retain more information of the text content both. in natural reading and in comprehensive reading, and the junior students inclined to retain more information of the text expression both in natural reading and in the memory reading. According to this, it could be concluded that the result of experiment 1 was brought about not by the difference of the retainment capacity between senior students and junior students, but by the difference of main information processing activity of the natural reading between senior students and junior students.