太原市主要交通路口汽车尾气污染状况

Automobile Exhaust Pollutants Level at Traffic Crossroads in Taiyuan

目的了解太原市主要交通路口汽车尾气污染状况,为控制汽车尾气污染提供依据。方法选择太原市交通路口A和B作为监测点,2008年3—4月各自连续采样一周。采用质量法测定细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度。索氏提取法提取PM2.5无机成分,采用原子荧光仪测定无机成分中砷、汞,采用原子吸收仪测定镍、镉、铬、铅、矾,采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定NO_x,采用非色散红外吸收法测定CO。结果A路口空气中PM2.5日均浓度为1.604 mg/m^3,显著高于B路口(0.64 mg/m^3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A路口空气中镍、铅、汞、镉、铬5种元素的浓度均高于B路口,汞、铅浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A路口空气镍浓度最高达0.842μg/m^3。A路口的CO和NO_x浓度分别为5.054、0.106 mg/m^3,显著高于B路口(0、0.063mg/m^3),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论太原市主要交通路口汽车尾气污染严重,特别是PM2.5、CO和镍。

Objective To know automobile exhaust pollution and population exposure to automobile exhaust in Taiyuan, and to provide the basis for controlling automobile exhaust pollution. Methods Two different automobile pollution areas （A and B） were selected as the monitoring sites, the continue sampling was carried out for one week from March to April in 2008. The concentration of PM2.5 was determined by mass method, the inorganic elements in PM2.5 were extracted by Soxhlet method, arsenic and mercury were measured by atomic fluorescent spectrophotometer （AFS）, the other metal elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of NO, was detected by Saltzman method, the concentration of CO was measured by non-dispersive infrared absorption method. Results At crossroad A, daily average concentration of PM2.5 was 1.604 mg/m^3, which was significantly higher than that at crossroad B （0.64 mg/m^3）, P〈0.05. The concentration of mercury, nickel, cadmium, chromium, nickel at crossroad A was higher than that at crossroad B. The concentration of Ni was 0.842 μg/m^3, highest at crossroad A. The concentration of CO and NOx at crossroad A was 5.054 mg/m^3 and 0.106 mg/m^3 respectively, which was much higher than that at crossroad B （0 mg/m^3 and 0.063 mg/m^3）, P〈0.01. Conclusion Automobile exhaust pollution is very serious in some main traffic crossroads in Taiyuan, the pollution of PM2.5, CO and nickel is quite obvious.