农村教育投入体制变迁30年:回顾与前瞻

Development of Education in the Rural Areas in the Past 30 Years:Review and Prospect

改革开放30年以来,我国农村教育投入体制历经"两条腿走路"、"分级办学"、"以县为主"和"省级统筹"等多次演变。其中,财政投入重心变化所呈现出来的"U型"路径,正是宏观的政治、行政和财政体制演进以及政府间博弈等多重因素相互作用下的结果。而要确保农村教育发展所必需的充足经费投入,就应在大力构建宏观公共财政体制的同时,进一步完善和强化微观层面的财政监督与财务管理制度。

In the past 30 years,the system of investment in education in the rural areas in China has undergone changes from double-track system,hierarchy-based system,and county-based system to provincial level system.Among the evolution above,the focus of rural fiscal investment has gone through a U-path,which is a consequence of the multi-factor's interaction from macro-political,administrative and fiscal system,and the inter-governmental games.In order to ensure adequate funds for the educational development in the rural areas,the central government should build a strong public fiscal system,and strengthen the fiscal supervision and financial management system simultaneously.