长期施肥对黑土腐殖质组分的影响

Effects of Long-Term Located Fertilization on Humus Fractions in Black Soil

利用Pallo法,将土壤腐殖质分为FAf、HAs、HAp、FAs、FAp和HM共6个组分(HAs和FAs为松结合态腐殖质Ⅰ,HAp和FAp为稳结合态腐殖质Ⅱ,HM为紧结合态腐殖质Ⅲ),研究了长期定位施肥(ck、M2、M4、NPK、M2+NPK和M4+NPK)对黑土腐殖质各组分的影响。结果表明:腐殖质各组分的碳量由高到低的顺序为HAp>HAs>FAp>FAf>FAs。长期施肥有利于SOC、FAf碳量的积累和松、稳、紧结合态腐殖质碳量的增加,有利于土壤腐殖质Ⅰ/Ⅱ值的提高和Ⅰ/Ⅲ值的降低。各施肥处理中松、稳、紧结合态腐殖质积累效果相比,高量有机肥长期配施化肥的最好,而单施化肥的效果最差。长期单施化肥使土壤松结合态和稳结合态腐殖质的PQ值增加,腐殖化作用增强。

Humus plays an important role in soil fertilizer and it supports necessary nutrition that plants live on. The humus was divided into 6 fractions by Pallo method including FM, HAs, HAp, FAs, FAp and HM （HAs and FAs are loosely united humus. HAp and FAp are steadily united humus. HM is tightly united humus. ）, and the effects of long-term located fertilization （ck, M2, M4, NPK, M2 ＋ NPK and M4 ＋ NPK） on humus fractions were studied in this paper. Results showed that the carbon content sequence of humus fractions was HAp 〉 HAs 〉 FAp 〉 FAf 〉 FAs. Long - term fertilization was beneficial to increasing the carbon content of SOC, FM, loose humus, stable humus and tight humus, the ratio of Ⅰ / Ⅱ, and decreasing the ratio of Ⅰ/Ⅲ. High content organic fertilizer application combined with inorganic fertilizer was the best one compared with the effects of each fertilization treatment on different combined humus, but single inorganic fertilizer application was the worst. PQ and soil humification reaction increased after long- term single inorganic fertilizer application.