大城市郊区的城市化及发展模式分析——以北京房山区为例

An analysis of urbanization and its development model of big city suburbs

随着中国城市化进程的加速进行,各种城市化模式也不断涌现.已有研究对这些模式进行了很好的梳理和总结。但是,既有文献对中国城市化问题的研究多是针对城市整体进行的,对于一个大城市,尤其是像北京、上海这样的特大城市来说,其郊区是如何进行城市化的,尚缺乏实证分析和经验总结。从分析和修正传统的城市化测量方法入手,对北京市郊房山区所做的实证研究发现,尽管房山区的城市化水平在北京郊区序列里处于中上水平,但仍显滞后。这种状况的形成,与北京城市发展中的中心城区偏向政策、北京城市发展中增量资源分配的南北差距、中心城区的主导产业与郊区产业的对接状况不理想、人力资本状况无法对城市化进程予以有力支撑等因素相关。这表明,在经济转轨时期,一个特大城市郊区的城市化进程,单纯依靠市场力量是无法支撑的,还需要政府担当重要职责——改变不合理的既有政策,提供有利的配套政策措施,以保障郊区城市化进程的快速有序进行。

Various models of urbanization emerging with the acceleration of urbanization in China have been analyzed and summarized. However, those researches generally discussed the cities as a whole and lacked empirical analysis and summary on the process of urbanization of Suburbs of the big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. By analyzing and modifying the traditional urbanization measuring methods, empirical research on Fangshan District, a Beijing suburban district, shows that the urbanization of Fangshan District is still lagging, though it is in medium and upper level among Beijing suburban districts, which are related to following factors： urban districts inclined policy, north-south gap in increment resources distribution, unmatched condition between leading industries in urban districts and suburban industries, lacking supporting human resources. Therefore, the urbanization of suburban districts of big cities cannot only rely on markets, but the government should play a significant role in reforming existing unreasonable policies and offering positive policies and measures, so as to boost the urbanization of suburban districts.