卫生化学实验教学中自主实验设计的应用

Application and exploration of self-reliance experiment design in experimental teaching reform of hygienic chemistry

北京大学公共卫生学院在预防医学专业2004级和2005级本科生中，实施了题为“自主实验设计”的教学改革项目。学生通过查阅文献，确定课题，实验设计，实施实验和撰写实验报告，完成自主实验设计。调查问卷结果显示，参与教改项目的学生中，92％的学生坦言通过实验，提高了自己分析问题、解决问题的能力，且获得了成就感与满足感；85％的学生反映对于实验方法和实验原理有了更深入的了解，切实提高了实验技能，有效地提高了学习的主动性、积极性及对专业知识的兴趣。事实证明，将自主实验设计应用于卫生化学的实验教学中，可以充分地调动学生参与实验的积极性，有效地提高学生从事科研工作的能力与认知。同时，实验教学改革的开展，对指导教师提出了更高的要求。指导教师必须及时更新和拓宽自己的知识领域，及时掌握本学科的发展动态，不断提高自己的业务水平，具备扎实的基础理论知识和较为丰富的科研经验。

Hygienic chemistry was one kind of experimental course having strong application. In order to improve the effect and quality of teaching, one teaching reform project named self-reliance experiment design was developed in grade 2004 and 2005 of preventive medicine undergraduates. The students accomplished self-reliance experiment design by consulting documents,defining project,designing and executing experiment,and writing experiment report. Results of questionnaire showed that 92% students attending this project expressed that their ability of analyzing and solving problems were enhanced and gained a strong sense of accomplishment and satisfaction. 85% students reflected that they acquired more knowledge about method and principle of experiment than before, improved their experiment skill practically in the course of experiment, and raised their initiative of learning and interest for professional knowledge effectively. The findings showed that self-reliance experiment design applying in experiment teaching reform of hygienic chemistry could arouse the students＇ enthusiasm of doing experiment entirely and improve the students＇ ability and knowledge of scientific researches effectively. Meanwhile, development of experiment teaching reform ordered guide teachers could update and expand their knowledge store whenever necessary, master developments of subject in time, improve their professional skill continuously, possess sturdy basis of theory knowledge and have abundant scientific research experience.