建立草业系统恢复青藏高原“黑土型”退化草地

ESTABLISHING PRATACUTURAL SYSTEM—A STRATEGY FOR REHIBILITATION OF “BLACK SOIL” ON THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

通过对“黑土型”退化草地发生面积和成因的调查与分析，查明青藏高原有较严重的“黑土型”退化草地７０３．１９万ｈｍ２，其成因主要是不合理的放牧制度和长期超载以及鼠类危害。据此，提出了通过建立草业系统，加强天然草地管理，建立人工草地，调整畜群结构，发展季节畜牧业，实行系统耦合等设想，以提高本地区畜牧业经济效益，减轻天然草地压力，逐步恢复“黑土型”退化草地。

The investigation for the distribution and causes of Black Soil was carried out in 1995. It was estimated That 7 031 900 hm 2 “black soil” was distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The main causes responsible for “Black Soil” are unreasonable grazing system, long-term overgrazing and destroying by rodent. From the point of grassland system engineering, a series of measures should be taken in order to rehabilitate those deteriorated area. To improve the natural rangeland resource, establish sown grassland, adjust the structure of stocking animals and encourage the seasonal animal farming system are the keys to rehabilitate the “Black Soil” and increase the economic income for grazers through reducing the grazing pressure on the rangeland.