不同施肥处理对莴笋营养效应的研究

Effects of Different Fertilizer Combination on Nutrition of Lettuce

采用田间试验研究了不同施肥处理对莴笋产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明．在CK（N15P5K10）基础上分别增施氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、硼肥或有机肥可使莴笋增产19．4％～66．4％，以施用有机肥菜籽粕增产作用最大。有机肥泥炭和菜籽粕处理使莴笋茎硝酸盐含量分别降低9.3％和18．0％。不同施肥处理均提高了莴笋叶和茎维生索C含量，菜籽粕处理莴笋叶维生素C含量增幅最大（为16．5％），泥炭和菜籽粕处理莴笋茎维生索C含量均显著高于其他处理。增施钾肥处理对提高莴笋叶还原糖含量作用最大（达10．0％），增施磷肥处理对提高莴笋茎还原糖含量效果显著。不同施肥处理均提高了莴笋叶必需氨基酸含量，硼肥（＋B）处理莴笋叶蛋氨酸／亮氨酸比值最高；泥炭处理对提高莴笋茎蛋氨酸／亮氨酸比值及甜味、鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比例效果最佳。菜籽粕处理莴笋施肥利润最高，增施钾肥处理产投比高于其他处理。

A field plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different fertilization on yield and quality of lettuce. The results indicated that the yield of lettuce was increased from 19. 4% to 66.4% in adding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron and organic fertilizer on the basis of N15P5 K10 （CK）, and the effects were all in advance of CF treatment. The best yield was obtained in the rapeseed cake treatment. However, only the application of peat and rapeseed cake brought down the content of nitrate in lettuce stem, and the decrease rates were 9.3% and 18.0%, respectively. The content of Vc in lettuce leaf and stem were all increased in different treatments. The highest content of Vc in lettuce leaf was appeared in adding rapeseed cake treatment （16.5 %）, and the highest content of Ve in lettuce stem was appeared in adding rapeseed cake and peat treatments. The highest content of reductive sugar was appeared in adding potassium fertilizer treatment in lettuce leaf, and the increase rate was 10.0%. The treatment adding phosphorus fertilizer got the highest content of reductive sugar in lettuce stem. ＇The content of EAA （Essential amino acid） was increased in lettuce leaf （except CF treatment）, the proportion of Met/Leu by application of boron was higher than other treatments. The best effects on proportion of Met/Leu, sweet amino acid/TAA （Total amino acid） and fresh amino acid/TAA were appeared in adding peat treatment. The highest fertilization profit of lettuce was appeared in applying rapeseed cake. The output/input ratio of applying potassium fertilizer was ／ higher than other treatments.