不同行距对雨灌夏大豆土壤水分特征及产量影响

Effect of Different Row Spacings on Soil Water Characteristics and Yield of Rained Summer Soybean

研究了夏大豆不同种植方式下土壤水分、产量及水分利用效率变化。结果表明,进入生殖生长阶段以后,随耗水量的增加,土壤含水量和土壤贮水量有下降趋势,且降雨越少,各处理间差异越明显;土壤含水量在各生育阶段曲线特征与降雨有关,浅层土壤含水量变化幅度高于深层土壤。产量、WUE与行距均呈显著负相关,A,B处理产量和WUE显著高于E处理(P<0.05)。研究表明,在适宜密度条件下,适当缩小行距、扩大株距可提高雨灌夏大豆生产能力和水分利用效率。

A 2--year field experiment （2006--2007） was carried out in the north of China. The aims of this research were to compare planting pattern in soybean, evaluating soil moisture content （SMC）, yield and wa- ter use efficiency （WUE）. The summer soybean （cv. Ludou 4） experiment consists of 5 planting patterns under the same plant population density （3.09 × 10s plant/hm^2） , and row spacing （cm） X plant spacing （cm） was 18 cmXl8 cm （A）, 27 cm×12 cm （B）, 36 cm×9 cm （C）, 45 cm×7.2 cm （D）, 54 cmX6 cm （E） respectively. The results show that SMC and soil storage water （SSW） decreased with water consumption increased after reproductive growth stage, and were remarkable differences between treatments with reduced rainfall. Curve characteristics of SMC in 0-90 cm soil related to rain, and the changes scope of shallow SMC were higher than that of deep SMC. Yield and WUE had a negative correlation with row spacing, and yield and WUE of A and B treatments were significantly higher than E treatment （P〈0.05）. The study indicated that enhanced productivity and WUE of rained summer soybean can be achieved by reducing row spacing and widening plant spacing under uniform planting density.